Quiz interativo: estratégia para capacitação de profissionais sobre manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde / Interactive quiz: strategy for training professionals on the management of medical waste / Quiz interactivo: estrategia para la formación de profesionales en la gestión de residuos de servicios sanitarios

Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação de estratégia tecnológica, Quiz Interativo "Manejando RSS", como ferramenta facilitadora para capacitação em serviço sobre manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde para profissionais atuantes em Maternidade de Alto Risco. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida no período de 14 a 17 de janeiro de 2020. A população foi composta de 60 profissionais de diferentes categorias, selecionados através de amostragem por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado ao final da participação dos profissionais na atividade de capacitação. Os dados encontrados foram inseridos no Google Forms, cujos recursos auxiliaram na análise descritiva de frequência e interpretação. Resultados: Do total de 60 participantes, 90% consideraram ótima a relevância do tema, tanto quanto 85% os assuntos abordados, 88,3% a metodologia utilizada, 58,3% o tempo destinado à atividade, 63,3% o aproveitamento da atividade, e a contribuição para melhoria da qualidade assistencial, 81,6%. Contudo, 60% dos participantes não emitiram críticas nem sugestões sobre a atividade desenvolvida. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a estratégia implementada foi fundamental para estimular o envolvimento e participação da equipe multiprofissional em atividade de educação em serviço, contribuindo para as Boas Práticas no manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde. (AU)

Objective: Evaluate the application of a technological strategy, Interactive Quiz "Handling Medical Waste", as a facilitating tool for in-service training on the management of Medical Waste for professionals working in High-Risk Maternity Hospitals. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive research, quantitative approach, developed in the period from January 14 to 17, 2020. The population consisted of 60 professionals from different categories, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire at the end of the participation of professionals in the training activity. The data found were entered into Google Forms, whose resources helped in the descriptive analysis of frequency and interpretation. Results: Of the total of 60 participants, 90% considered the relevance of the topic excellent, as much as 85% the subjects covered, 88.3% the methodology used, 58.3% the time devoted to the activity, 63.3% the use of the activity, and the contribution to improving the quality of care, 81.6%. However, 60% of the participants did not issue criticism or suggestions about the activity developed. Conclusion: The study showed that the implemented strategies were essential to encourage the involvement and participation of the multidisciplinary team in in-service education activities, contributing to Good Practices in the management of Medical Waste. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de una estrategia tecnológica, Quiz Interactivo "Manipulación de Residuos Sanitarios", como herramienta facilitadora de la formación en servicio en gestión de residuos sanitarios para profesionales que laboran en Maternidades de Alto Riesgo. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en el período del 14 al 17 de enero de 2020. La población estuvo conformada por 60 profesionales de diferentes categorias, seleccionados mediante muestreo de conveniencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado al finalizar la participación de los profesionales en la actividad formativa. Los datos encontrados fueron ingresados en Google Forms, cuyos recursos ayudaron en el análisis descriptivo de frecuencia e interpretación. Resultados: Del total de 60 participantes, el 90% consideró excelente la relevancia del tema, hasta 85% de los sujetos cubiertos, 88,3% la metodología utilizada, 58,3% el tiempo dedicado a la actividad, 63,3% el uso de la actividad, y el contribución a la mejora de la calidad de la atención, 81,6%. Sin embargo, el 60% de los participantes no emitió críticas ni sugerencias sobre la actividad desarrollada. Conclusión: El estudio mostró que las estrategias implementadas fueron fundamentales para incentivar el involucramiento y participación del equipo multidisciplinario en las actividades de educación en servicio, contribuyendo a las Buenas Prácticas en la gestión de residuos de los servicios sanitarios. (AU)

Evidence summary for the management of insulin injection-related sharps waste disposal in patients with diabetes mellitus / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve and summarize the best evidence related to the management of insulin injection-related sharps waste disposal in diabetic patients at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for clinical healthcare professionals.Methods:This was a evidence-based research. Evidence on insulin injection-related sharps waste management in patients with diabetes, including guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, best practice information sheet, recommended practices, clinical decisions and systematic reviews was systematically searched from domestic and international databases and professional websites, and the search time frame was from the establishment of the database to December 2021. Evidence was extracted and summarized following a quality evaluation of the literature that met the criteria.Results:A total of 15 papers were included, summarizing 25 pieces of best evidence on four areas including risk assessment and management of sharps waste associated with insulin injections, education and training, and the use of safe devices and sharps containers.Conclusions:Best evidence on the management of insulin injection-related sharps waste disposal provides evidence to support clinical practice for healthcare professionals to standardized sharps waste disposal practices in patients with diabetes.

Conhecimentos e práticas da enfermagem sobre os resíduos de saúde nas unidades pediátricas: revisão integrativa / Nursing knowledge and practices in relation to medical waste in pediatric units: integrative review / Conocimientos y prácticas de enfermería con relación a los residuos sanitarios en unidades pediátricas: revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar publicações que abordam a educação em saúde relacionada à prevenção da Síndrome da Morte Súbita em Lactentes. Método: revisão integrativa realizada no PubMed, Portal Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Cochrane Reviews, Scientific Electronic Library Online e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Incluíram-se aquelas nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, sem recorte temporal, disponíveis gratuitamente, independentemente do delineamento. Excluíram-se duplicidades, literatura cinzenta, editoriais e cuja população eram prematuros. Resultados: identificou-se duas categorias de análise: temas para educação em saúde e barreiras e facilitadores de aderência às recomendações de prevenção. O profissional de saúde deve estimular as boas práticas de saúde, identificando barreiras e facilitadores para a adesão às recomendações. Conclusão: o profissional deve trazer a ideia de que todo bebê tem risco potencial para a síndrome da morte súbita e utilizar as estratégias disponíveis para tirá-lo da situação de vulnerabilidade.

Objectives: : identifying the current scientific production in relation to Nursing knowledge and practices on medical waste in pediatric units. Method: integrative review in the Scielo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase databases, between the years 2016 to 2021, totalizing 13 articles. Results: the findings pointed to three main categories: knowledge and practices in relation to Medical Waste, permanent education like a tool for the disposal of Medical Waste; and sustainability in the context of Medical Waste and its relationship with social responsibility. Conclusion: it is necessary to provide the opportunity for periodic training, as well as the use of self-explanatory instruments that can help all health professionals, especially the Nursing professionals, at the time of practice. It was checked the presence of gaps was verified with studies showing Medical Waste and Pediatric Nursing.

Objetivos:identificar la producción científica actual en relación a los conocimientos y prácticas de enfermería sobre los Residuos Sanitarios en las unidades de pediatría. Método: revisión integrativa en las bases de datos Scielo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus y Embase, con un marco temporal de 2016 a 2021, totalizando 13 artículos. Resultados:los hallazgos apuntaron a tres categorías principales: conocimientos y prácticas en relación a los Residuos Sanitarios, educación permanente con una herramienta para la disposición de los Residuos Sanitarios y sostenibilidad en el contexto de los Residuos Sanitarios y su relación con la responsabilidad social. Conclusión: es necesario brindar oportunidades de capacitación periódica, así como el uso de instrumentos autoexplicativos que puedan ayudar todos los profesionales de la salud, especialmente a los profesionales de Enfermería, en el momento de la práctica. Se verifico la presencia de lagunas en los estudios que destacan los Residuos Sanitarios y la Enfermería Pediátrica.

Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: avaliação dos procedimentos adotados em um hospital no Paraná / Health service waste management: evaluation of the procedures adopted in a hospital in Paraná / Administración de residuos de servicios de salud: evaluación de los procedimientos adoptados en un hospital en Paraná

O primeiro passo para a adequação do gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) deve ser o levantamento de como ele é feito no ambiente estudado. Por isso, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o gerenciamento dos RSS realizado pelo hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, localizado no município de Prudentópolis (PR). Os dados foram levantados a partir da aplicação de um questionário, de observações de campo e de registros fotográficos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada após a autorização do hospital e a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste. Os dados mostraram que há falhas em diversas etapas do manejo de resíduos sólidos: na segregação, há falhas na separação dos grupos B e D; no acondicionamento, há erros de alocação do saco de lixo no recipiente correto; no transporte interno, há o problema de que ele não segue rota predeterminada, e os carros utilizados nos transportes não seguem o preconizado pelas normas; os locais de armazenamento temporário e externo também não atendem a todos os requisitos das normas. Esses problemas apresentados podem ser prejudiciais tanto à saúde e à segurança dos trabalhadores como ao meio ambiente. Assim, os resultados apresentados neste estudo fornecem subsídios para que o estabelecimento de saúde perceba quais fases do manejo dos resíduos podem ser aprimoradas e, assim, possa promover melhorias contínuas que minimizem os riscos existentes, tanto nas questões ambientais como nas de saúde.

The first step towards the adequacy of the Health Service Waste Management must be the survey of how it is carried out in the studied environment. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Health Service Waste Management of the hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, located in the municipality of Prudentópolis (PR). Data were collected from the application of a questionnaire, field observations, and photographic records. The data collection has been performed after authorization from the hospital and approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste. The data collected showed failures in several stages of solid waste management: in segregation, there are failures in the separation of Groups B and D; in packaging, there are errors in the allocation of the garbage bag in the correct container; in internal transport, there is the issue of not following a predetermined route, and the cars used in transport do not follow what is recommended by the regulations; the temporary and external storage locations also do not meet all the requirements of the regulations. These problems can be harmful both to the health and safety of workers, as well as to the environment. Thus, the results presented in this study provide subsidies for the health establishment to understand which phases of waste management can be improved and, thus, can promote continuous improvements that minimize existing risks, both in environmental and health issues.

El primer paso para la adecuación de la administración de residuos de servicio de salud debe ser el levantamiento de cómo se realiza en el ambiente estudiado. Por eso, este estudio tuvo como objetivo el análisis de la administración de residuos de servicio de salud realizado por el hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, ubicado en el municipio de Prudentópolis, en Paraná (Brasil). Los datos se recabaron desde la aplicación de un cuestionario, de observaciones de campo y de registros fotográficos. Se realizó la recopilación de datos tras la autorización del hospital y la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, de la Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste. Los datos recabados mostraron que hay defectos en varias etapas de manejo de residuos sólidos: en la segregación hay defectos en la separación de los Grupos B y D, en el acondicionamiento hay errores de asignación de bolsa de basura en el envase correcto, en el transporte interno no hay una ruta predeterminada y los coches utilizados en los transportes no siguen lo defendido por las normas, y los sitios de almacenamiento temporario y externo también no atenden a todos los requisitos de las normas. Estos problemas presentados pueden traer daños tanto a la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores como al medio ambiente. Así, los resultados presentados en este estudio traen subsidios para que el establecimiento de salud perciba cuáles etapas del manejo de los residuos pueden mejorar y así minimizar los riesgos existentes tanto en las cuestiones ambientales como en las de salud.

Challenges Faced in Biomedical Waste Management by Waste Handlers amidstthe COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Qualitative Study

Introduction :Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) saw an overhaul in the biomedical waste management (BMWM) practices. Waste handlers were at the brunt of these changes. If the challenges pertaining to BMWM at the ground level are better understood, more effective measures to overcome them can be formulated. 1. To identify myths and concerns regarding BMWM in the context of COVID-Objectives: 19 pandemic. 2. To explore the challenges faced in BMWM amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. 3.To explore opportunities and future perspectives of BMWM. In-depth interviews were conducted among 17Method: purposively selected Class IV health care workers during August to November 2021 in a tertiary care institute in Mumbai. Data was reported using thematic analysis. Three major themes - challengesResults: and concerns faced by BMW handlers, enablers/ motivators, opportunities and future practices were generated from the transcripts. Various challenges faced by waste handlers were- difficulties in segregation and transport of BMW, exhaustion from PPE usage and fear of acquiring and spreading COVID-19 from work, stigma faced from public, and handling COVID-19 deaths. Support from family and colleagues, incentives and a positive change in public perception enabled them to work. Forming redressal committees, addressing job security concerns and timely provision of good quality equipment can improve hospital waste management measures in the future. It is of utmost importance to address challenges faced byConclusion: waste handlers in BMWM. Onus should also be on periodic training in BMWM

Perfil e fatores associados aos acidentes com perfurocortantes entre a equipe de enfermagem / Profile of sharps accidents among nursing teams and related factors / Perfil y factores asociados a los accidentes con cortopunzantes en el equipo de enfermería

Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos acidentes ocorridos com materiais perfurocortantes entre a equipe de enfermagem notificados em dois hospitais. Métodos: estudo documental e descritivo realizado em um hospital de ensino e um filantrópico do interior paulista. Os dados foram coletados em fichas de notificação de acidentes com material biológico envolvendo profissionais da enfermagem entre 2016 e 2020, e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovada pelo comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição envolvida. Resultados: foram identificados 208 acidentes: 187 (89,9%) no hospital filantrópico e 21 (10,1%) no hospital de ensino. No hospital filantrópico e no hospital universitário foram notificados, respectivamente, 119 (63,64%) e 35 (18,71%) acidentes entre os técnicos de enfermagem; sendo 51 (27,27%) e 8 (38,1%) durante descarte de perfurocortante. Agulhas causaram 166 (79,8%) acidentes. Conclusão: os acidentes nos dois hospitais ocorreram majoritariamente por agulhas, no momento de descarte de perfurocortante, acometendo principalmente os técnicos em enfermagem.

Objective: to analyse the accidents with sharps profile among the nursing staff reported at two hospitals. Methods: this descriptive, documentary study was conducted at a teaching hospital and a philanthropic hospital in the interior of São Paulo State. Data were collected from accident notification forms involving biological material and nursing personnel between 2016 and 2020, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research protocol was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: 208 accidents were identified: 187 (89.9%) at the philanthropic hospital and 21 (10.1%) at the university hospital; respectively, 119 (63.64%) and 35 (18.71%) among nursing technicians, and 51 (27.27%) and 8 (38.1%), during sharps disposal. Needles caused 166 (79.8%) accidents. Conclusion: at both hospitals, most accidents involved needles, at the time of sharps disposal, and mainly affected nursing technicians.

Objetivo: analizar el perfil de los accidentes con objetos cortopunzantes entre el personal de enfermería notificados en dos hospitales. Métodos: estudio documental y descriptivo realizado en un hospital universitario y un hospital filantrópico del interior de São Paulo. Los datos se recolectaron en fichas de notificación de accidentes con material biológico involucrando profesionales de enfermería entre 2016 y 2020 y se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Investigación aprobada por el comité de ética en investigación de la institución involucrada. Resultados: se identificaron 208 accidentes: 187 (89,9%) en el hospital filantrópico y 21 (10,1%) en el hospital universitario. En el hospital filantrópico y en el hospital universitario fueron relatados 119 (63,64%) y 35 (18,71%) accidentes, respectivamente, entre técnicos de enfermería; siendo 51 (27,27%) y 8 (38,1%) durante la eliminación de objetos cortopunzantes. Las agujas provocaron 166 (79,8%) accidentes. Conclusión: los accidentes en ambos hospitales ocurrieron en su mayoría por agujas, en el momento de la eliminación de objetos cortopunzantes, afectando principalmente a los técnicos de enfermería.

Impacto en la salud pública por el manejo inadecuado de los desechos peligrosos / Impact on public health due to improper handling of hazardous waste

La gestión de los residuos sanitarios requiere atención especial y todos los equipos sanitarios deben participar en la manipulación de los residuos. Se presta menos atención a la gestión de residuos sanitarios en países en vías de desarrollo y no hay evidencia sobre las prácticas de gestión de residuos sanitarios en algunas instituciones sanitarias. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar las prácticas de gestión de residuos sanitarios y los factores asociados en tres hospitales de Perú. Es un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y de corte transversal basado en tres establecimientos de salud. Los datos se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios y listas de verificación de observación. El (66,67%) de los trabajadores conocían sobre el manejo de los desechos biológicos. La mayoría conocía los riesgos asociados con el manejo de los mismos (95,91%). Los participantes tenían el conocimiento de que pueden evitarse las infecciones. Nueve de cada diez de los trabajadores realizaron por lo menos dos capacitaciones en la gestión del manejo de los desechos biológicos. El 95,91% conocía los códigos de colores correctos de los contenedores para diferentes flujos de desechos. En cuanto a las actitudes, 161 (94,15 %) indicó que la gestión de los desechos biológicos era importante y 162 (94,74%) estuvo de acuerdo en que era necesaria una implementación estricta para la gestión adecuada de los mismos en el establecimiento de salud. Elementos clave para mejorar las prácticas de gestión de residuos sanitarios en hospitales: promover prácticas que reduzcan el volumen de residuos generados y aseguren una adecuada segregación de residuos(AU)

Healthcare waste management requires special attention and every healthcare teams should be involved in handling of wastes. However, less attention is paid to health care waste management in developing countries and there is no evidence on health care waste management practices in some institutions providing health services. This study was conducted to assess healthcare waste management practices and associated factors in three hospitals in Peru. It is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study based on three health establishments. Data were collected using questionnaire and observational checklists. The (66.67%) of the workers knew about the management of biological waste. The majority knew the risks associated with handling them (95.91%). Participants were aware that infections can be prevented. Nine out of ten of the workers completed at least two trainings in the management of biological waste. 95.91% knew the correct container color codes for different waste streams. Regarding attitudes, 161 (94.15%) indicated that the management of biological waste was important and 162 (94.74%) agreed that strict implementation was necessary for proper management of biological waste in the environment health facility. Key elements to improve healthcare waste management practices in hospitals: promote practices that reduce the volume of waste generated and ensure proper waste segregation(AU)

Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde na rotina dos enfermeiros da atenção básica à saúde / Gestión de residuos de servicios de salud en la rutina de enfermeros de atención básica de salud / Management of waste from health services in the routine of primary health care nurses

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a geração e o gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) nos serviços inseridos na atenção básica à saúde. Método: estudo descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de RSS de 27 estabelecimentos de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autorrespondidos e pesagem dos RSS e foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar. Resultados: os 27 estabelecimentos de saúde geraram 719,665 kg de RSS, sendo 300,140 kg de RSS gerados pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família (EqSF) e 419,525 kg de RSS oriundos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Destaca-se que 66,6% (14) dos participantes de EqSF não souberam descrever como era realizada a segregação dos resíduos químicos; e 50,0% (6) dos respondentes de UBS não souberam informar o tipo de disposição final oferecida aos RSS. Conclusão: a elevada geração de RSS e as lacunas apresentadas no gerenciamento podem ser minimizadas por meio da implementação de medidas que visem à capacitação dos responsáveis pelo manejo e trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde, além da implantação da coleta seletiva a fim de contribuir para um desenvolvimento sustentável.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la generación y gestión de residuos de servicios de salud (RSS) en servicios incluidos en la atención primaria de salud. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Esta encuesta se realizó con los responsables de la gestión del RSS de 27 establecimientos de salud. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios auto respondidos y pesaje RSS y fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar. Resultados: los 27 establecimientos de salud generaron 719.665 kg de RSS, con 300.140 kg de RSS generados por los Equipos de Salud de la Familia (EqSF) y 419.525 kg de RSS de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). Cabe señalar que el 66,6% (14) de los participantes de EqSF no pudieron describir cómo se realizó la segregación de desechos químicos; y el 50,0% (6) de los encuestados de UBS no pudieron informar el tipo de disposición final ofrecida al RSS. Conclusión: la alta generación de RSS y las brechas en la gestión se pueden minimizar mediante la implementación de medidas dirigidas a capacitar a los responsables de la gerencia y trabajadores de los servicios de salud, además de la implementación de la recolección selectiva con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo sustentable.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the generation and management of waste from health services (WHS) in the services included in Primary Health Care. Method: a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted with the people in charge of managing WHS from 27 health care facilities. The data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires, as well as the WHS weigh, and were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The research was approved by UFSCar's Research Ethics Committee. Results: the 27 health care facilities generated 719.665 kg of WHS, with 300.140 kg generated by the Family Health teams (FHts) and 419.525 kg by the Basic Health Units (BHUs). It is noteworthy that 66.6% (14) of the FHt participants were unable to describe how the chemical waste was segregated; and that 50.0% (6) of the BHU respondents were unable to report the type of final disposal for the WHS. Conclusion: the high generation of WHS and the gaps presented in management can be minimized through the implementation of measures aimed at training those responsible for the management and the health care workers, in addition to the implementation of selective collection in order to contribute to sustainable development.

EVALUATION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL – A STUDY AT VIMS & RC

Bio medical Waste (BMW) collection and disposal has become major concern for the medical and general Community. Improper waste management is hazardous to health care workers, patients, general Public and largely the environment. i) To evaluate the practices of BMW Management at source of generation and Aims & Objectives: transportation among different patient care areas at Vydehi Hospital ii) To analyze the quantity of waste generates iii)To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices(KAP)among health care personnel regarding waste management. Methodology: It is a direct Observational and cross-sectional study which was conducted for a period of 12 months at VIMS & RC (Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre). It was evaluated under 4 categories, with a checklist of 20 parameters among 40 patient care areas. Simple random sampling technique is used to select the study subjects for the KAP questionnaire. At VIMS & RC, the BMW Results: management mean observation was at the level of “Condition of waste receptacles” were good (95.79%) & least observation noted with “waste transportation” (52.5%). The total Infectious waste generated was 0.135kg/bed/day and the hospital has got separate colour coded bins in each ward for collection of waste. The safety measure taken by health care workers regarding KAP of biomedical waste management was not satisfactory among Class IV Employees and it was not due to unavailability of personal protective measures but because of un-awareness of health hazards which may occur due to improper waste management practices. It is concluded that there should be strict implementation of waste management policy, proper training and Conclusion: motivation regarding BMW management for all health care workers in hospital.

Design and implementation of surgical medical waste management system based on B/S structure / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of medical waste management system based on B/S architecture in medical waste disposal.Methods:Select a third-class hospital in Yantai for continuous quality improvement of medical waste disposal, and verify the feasibility of the medical waste management system through key indicators such as medical waste related theoretical knowledge, medical waste disposal efficiency, and medical waste disposal management process standardization rate. Through monitoring indicators and result feedback evaluation, it is judged whether the medical waste management system has positive significance for the improvement of medical waste disposal.Results:Taking the adoption of medical waste management system as the node, a five-month comparison before and after was conducted to monitor key indicators such as medical waste disposal efficiency and standardized rate of medical waste disposal management processes. The daily error rate of medical waste classification was reduced from 6.00% to 1.33%, the daily confusion rate of working procedures was reduced from 6.67% to 0.67%, the time delay rate of medical waste disposal was reduced from 7.33% to 2.00%, and the standardized rate of medical waste disposal management processes was increased from 93.33% to 100%. All the data were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Since the operation of the medical waste management system, through the top-down management and control of the administrator and with its unique time retrieval function, the time delay problem of the previous manual management has been greatly improved. The classification management function of medical waste solves the criticism of unclear and chaotic classification of medical waste. The department retrospective function enables the division of responsibilities for medical waste work to be clear, and improves the work efficiency. The construction of medical waste management system based on B/S architecture provided a new information approach for the scientific management of medical waste and a reference for the scientific and effective management of clinical medical waste.

Qualitative study on the causes of improper disposal of discarded insulin pen needles in diabetic patients at home / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the causes of improper disposal of discarded insulin pen needles at home in diabetic patients.Methods:Using descriptive phenomenological research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted in November 2021 with 18 patients with diabetes from the outpatient department of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth Peoples Hospital South Campus (Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital), and Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to extract the themes.Results:The reasons for improper disposal of discarded insulin pen needles at home by diabetic patients included misconceptions about methods for safe disposal of needles, low awareness of safe disposal of needles, fear of needle stick injuries, lack of social support, time and distance conflict and economic burden.Conclusions:Medical staff should pay attention to health education to increase patients′ knowledge about safe disposal of needles. The collection program was optimized to alleviate patients′ fear of safe disposal of needle. At the same time, multiple support should be given to improve patients′ compliance with safe disposal of needle.

An Interventional Study on Knowledge and Practice of Injection Safety and Appropriate Biomedical Waste Disposal among Students of One of the Nursing Colleges, Ahmedabad

Background: Injection is an important drug delivery system especially for severely ill patient, acute emergency condition and immunization. A safe injection is that, does not harm the recipient (patient), does not expose the provider (Health Workers) to any avoidable risk and does not result in waste that is dangerous for the community. Nursing personnel are an important risk group for occupational exposure to needle stick injuries as they are directly involved in the patient care activities like giving injections, starting IV line, taking blood sample etc. Objectives: To study the knowledge & impact of educational intervention of injection safety, post exposure prophylaxis following needle stick injury and segregation of bio medical waste among study nd rd nd rd participants. Methods: An Interventional study was carried out among 2 ,3 and final year B.Sc. & 2 ,3 year GNM nursing students of one of the Nursing Colleges in Ahmedabad. Results: Out of total, 233 (89.6%) were females and 27(10.4%) were males. Overall comparison between pre-test and post-test score regarding various factor of knowledge and practice of safe injection was statistically significant. Out of total, 36(13.8%) study participants were suffered from needle stick injury due to quickness or not wearing gloves. Only 11.1% study participants were not taking post exposure prophylaxis because of lack of knowledge and dread about long time medication course. Conclusion: Practice of injection safety standards was inappropriate except for routine use of hand gloves. The level of knowledge was poor especially in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Needle-prick injury accident management (NPIAM) protocol and register for post-exposure prophylaxis. Post-intervention assessment showed significant improvement in Knowledge for injection safety, PEP/NPIAM and category wise segregation of Bio-medical waste. Periodic reinforcement of the Nursing students by MBBS level educator with IEC and hands on training intervention will significantly protect them from NSIs and prevent the spread of blood borne pathogens.

Gestión integral de residuos en centros de salud de la Secretaría de Salud en México: un caso de estudio / Integral Waste Management in Primary Health Care Centers of the Secretary of Health in México: a case study

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to describe waste management in primary health care centers of the Secretary of Health in the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, as a model case for developing countries. Material and methods: A observational, descriptive and cross- sectional study was conducted. The sample was made up of the seven primary healthcare centers of the Secretary of Health located in the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Data collection was carried out with a checklist designed according to the current legislation for the primary health care centers. Results: The global percentage of compliance was 55%, with variation between 47% and 63%. The stage of identification, separation and packaging recorded the highest percentage of compliance, while the temporary storage showed a lower percentage. Conclusion: The waste management in primary health care centers resulted in a level of compliance ranging from low to medium, which suggests the need for specific actions in order to improve waste management in health centers.

Resumen Objetivo: Este manuscrito tiene como obtetivo describir la gestión de residuos en centros de atención primaria de salud de la Secre taría de Salud ubicados en el municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, como un estudio de caso de países en desarrollo. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituída por siete centros de atención primaria de salud de la Secretaría de Salud del municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. La recolección de datos se realió con una lista de verificación diseñada con base en la legislación vigente en materia de la gestión de residuos para los centros de atención primaria de salud. Resultados: el porcentaje de cumplimiento global fue del 55%, con una variación entre 47% y el 63%. La etapa de identificación, sep aración y empaque registró el mayor porcentaje de cumplimiento, mientras que el almacenamiento temporal mostró el menor porcentaje. Conclusión: La gestión de residuos en los centros de atención primaria de salud resultó en un nivel de cumplimiento de bajo a medio, lo que sugiere la necesidad de acciones específicas para mejorar la gestión de residuos en los centros de salud.

Resíduos de serviços de saúde em centro cirúrgico: adequações com mensuração do custo / Medical Waste in the surgical center: adjustments with cost measurement / Residuos de servicios de salud en centros quirúrgicos: adaptaciones con medición de costos

Objetivo: Identificar o custo das adequações necessárias a um centro cirúrgico para que este atenda à legislação brasileira vigente, que dispõe sobre resíduos de serviços de saúde. Método: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa na modalidade de estudo de caso do centro cirúrgico de um hospital universitário público. No protocolo, foi aplicada uma pesquisa documental, por meio de um check-list comparando a legislação brasileira vigente com a realidade encontrada, mapeou-se o processo com a técnica do mapa-fluxograma. Utilizou-se como método de custeio o custo direto médio. Resultados: Verificou-se o custo direto médio de R$ 7.891,25 para o hospital atender integralmente à legislação brasileira de resíduos de serviços de saúde, com adequações de infraestrutura e aquisições de longa permanência e um adicional no custo mensal de R$ 542,38. Conclusão: Para todos os grupos de resíduos de serviços de saúde do centro cirúrgico em estudo, são necessárias adequações a fim de atender à legislação, bem como articulação dos diversos gestores envolvidos no manejo e na mensuração dos custos relacionados aos resíduos para otimização de resultados econômicos em saúde.

Objective: To identify the cost of the necessary adjustments to a surgical center so that it meets the current Brazilian legislation, which provides for medical waste. Method: Exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach in the modality of case study of the surgical center of a public university hospital. In the protocol, a documental research was applied, through a check-list comparing the current Brazilian legislation with the reality found, mapping the process with the technique of the flowchart map. The average direct cost was used as a costing method. Results: There was an average direct cost of R$ 7,891.25 for the hospital to fully comply with the Brazilian legislation on healthcare waste, with infrastructure adjustments and long-term acquisitions and an additional monthly cost of R$ 542.38. Conclusion: For all groups of waste from health services in the surgical center under study, adjustments are needed in order to comply with the legislation, as well as the articulation of the various managers involved in the management and measurement of costs related to waste to optimize economic results in health.

Objetivo: Identificar el costo de los ajustes necesarios a un Centro Quirúrgico (CQ), para que cumpla con la legislación brasileña vigente que prevé Residuos de Servicios de Salud (RSS). Método: Investigación exploratoria descriptiva con abordaje cuantitativo en la modalidad de estudio de caso de un CQ en un Hospital Universitario Público. En el protocolo se aplicó investigación documental, a través de un checklist de la legislación brasileña vigente con la realidad encontrada, se mapeó el proceso mediante la técnica de diagrama de flujo-mapa. Se utilizó el costo directo promedio como método de cálculo de costos. Resultados: Hubo un costo directo promedio de R$ 7.891,25 para que el hospital cumpliera plenamente con la legislación brasileña sobre RSS, con ajustes de infraestructura y adquisiciones de largo plazo y un costo mensual adicional de R$ 542,38. Conclusión: Para todos los grupos RSS del CQ en estudio, se necesitan ajustes para cumplir con la legislación. Existe la necesidad de articulación entre los distintos gestores involucrados en la gestión, medición de costos relacionados con los residuos para optimizar los resultados económicos en salud.

Research on the status of recyclable medical waste disposal of Liaoning Province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To promote the reuse of recyclable medical wastes by analyzing the current status of the disposal and factors affecting recycling of medical wastes in medical institutions.Methods:On-site investigations were made on the collection and disposal of recyclable medical wastes at 20 tertiary hospitals in Liaoning Province in the timeframe from January 1 through December 31 of 2018, together with on-site interviews of 25 managers and 5 transfer personnels. Investigation results were then subject to descriptive analysis.Results:There were 18 tertiary hospitals that separately collect recyclable infusion bottles and infusion bags, and only one hospital collected empty bottles of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. There was a linear relationship between the amount of recyclable medical wastes and the actual number of beds available( F=47.177, P=0.000). The amount of medical waste generated in general hospitals and that of recyclable medical waste generated were much higher than those of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and specialized hospitals. The main factors on the recovery were poor and delayed command of relevant laws and decrees, and inadequate rules and regulations of the hospital, as well as lack of qualified recycling companies and poor compliance of transfer personnel. Conclusions:It is recommended that hospitals formulate and update rules and regulations, establish standardized recycling processes, and strengthen relevant staff training and supervision. The health commission is recommended to enhance communication with relevant authorities, for due appraisal of the qualifications of enterprises recovering recyclable medical wastes.

Infecciones nosocomiales en unidades de observación de emergencia y su asociación con el hacinamiento y la ventilación / Nosocomial infections in emergency observation units and their association with overcrowding and ventilation

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de medir la frecuencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en las unidades de observación de medicina interna de los servicios de emergencia en dos hospitales de nivel III de Lima, se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de periodo durante cinco días en pacientes admitidos después de las 72 horas de observación y con descarte de infección comunitaria, utilizando datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el hacinamiento y la ventilación de las salas de hospitalización. La frecuencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en los servicios de emergencia fue 8,1%, cuatro veces lo reportado como prevalencia de periodo en el Perú. Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron el tiempo prolongado de estancia y la carencia de ventilación apropiada del ambiente hospitalario. La ventilación inapropiada triplica el riesgo de aparición de infecciones nosocomiales.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of nosocomial infections in the internal medicine observation units of the emergency services in two level III hospitals in Lima. A 5-day prevalence study was carried out on patients admitted after a 72 hours observation period, in whom community-based infections were ruled out. Data was obtained from clinical records. Additionally, overcrowding and ventilation in the hospitalization rooms were evaluated. The frequency of nosocomial infections in the emergency services was found to be 8.1%, four times what was reported as period prevalence in Peru. The associated risk factors were prolonged length of stay and lack of proper ventilation in the hospital environment. Inadequate ventilation triples the risk of nosocomial infections.

A cross sectional study on the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical and paramedical staff regarding the bio-medical waste management in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow

Background:The bio-medical waste products create particularly serious problems for the municipalities and its safe disposal is becoming a serious environmental problem. The concern regarding medical wastes is mainly due to the presence of pathogenic organisms and organic substances in hospital solid wastes in significantly higher concentrations. About one fourth of biomedical waste is considered as hazardous and may affect the health of both medical personnel and general community. Aim and objectives of the research was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about the biomedical waste management among the staff (medical and paramedical) of a tertiary care medical institute. Methods:The design of the study was observational, descriptive and cross-sectional. It was conducted in a 500 bedded private sector tertiary care medical institute in Lucknow. The study unit consisted of medical and paramedical staff (doctors, staff nurses, and ward boys) and sample size was 241 who consented to be a part of the study. All the study units who had been in the job for atleast 6 months in IIMSR who consented for the study were included; purposive convenience sampling was implemented and study period was from January 2018 to March 2018.Results:Majority across all the types of study participants were males, married, residing in urban areas and having not undergone any formal training. Our study found that though all the study participants in various groups were having the relevant level of knowledge but attitude and practices were variable.Conclusions:This study showed that knowledge may be higher but attitude and practices are variable and are not related to educational level.

Resíduos de serviços de saúde: perfil e análise de custos em um centro cirúrgico / Medical waste: profile and cost analysis in a surgical site / Residuos de los servicios de salud: análisis de perfil y costos en un centro quirúrgico

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil de geração e mensurar os custos dos materiais utilizados no gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde em um centro cirúrgico. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, na modalidade estudo de caso. O local foi o Centro Cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra estratificada foi de 1.120 cirurgias, e os resíduos foram pesados por 82 dias. Resultados: Os resíduos do Centro Cirúrgico representaram 6,38% do total hospitalar. O grupo mais representativo foi A-infectantes (50,62%). A média de geração foi de 3,72 kg por cirurgia. A sala de operação foi o local que mais gerou resíduos (55,93%), e as cirurgias buco-maxilares as que mais geraram resíduos, em termos de massa. O custo de um quilo foi: Grupo A (R$ 1,10), Grupo B (R$ 5,70), Grupo D Reciclado (R$ 0,96), Grupo D Não Reciclado (R$ 1,01) e Grupo E (R$ 3,23). Conclusão: O custo total médio por cirurgia foi de R$ 8,641, e sua redução depende da negociação de compra dos itens de consumo que tiveram maior representatividade nos custos.

Objective: To determine the waste generation profile and measure the costs of materials used in medical waste management in a surgical site. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive survey, with a quantitative approach, in the case study modality. The site was the surgical site of the University Hospital of Universidade de São Paulo. The stratified sample was of 1,120 surgeries, and the waste was weighed for 82 days. Results: The surgical site waste accounted for 6.38% of the total hospital waste. The most representative group was A-infectious (50.62%). The mean generation was 3.72 kg per surgery. Most of the waste was generated in the operating room (55.93%), and oral maxillary surgeries generated most of the waste in terms of mass. The cost per kilo was: Group A (R$ 1.10), Group B (R$ 5.70), Group D Recycled (R$ 0.96), Group D Nonrecycled (R$ 1.01) and Group E (R$ 3.23). Conclusion: The mean total cost per surgery was R$ 8.641, and its reduction depends on strategies of purchasing consumable supplies that had greater impact on costs.

Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de generación y medir los costos de los materiales utilizados en la gestión de los Residuos De Los Servicios De Salud en un Centro Quirúrgico. Método: Esta es una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, con un enfoque cuantitativo, en la modalidad de estudio de caso. El sitio fue el Centro Quirúrgico del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad de São Paulo. La muestra estratificada fue de 1.120 cirugías y los residuos se pesaron durante 82 días. Resultados: Los residuos del Centro Quirúrgico representaron el 6,38% del total del hospital. El grupo más representativo fue A-infeccioso (50,62%). La generación promedio fue de 3,72 kg por cirugía. El quirófano fue el lugar que generó la mayor cantidad de residuos (55,93%) y las cirugías orales-maxilares las que generaron la mayor cantidad de residuos, en términos de masa. El costo de un kilo fue: Grupo A (R$ 1,10), Grupo B (R$ 5,70), Grupo D Reciclado (R$ 0,96), Grupo D No Reciclado (R$ 1,01) y Grupo E (R$ 3,23). Conclusión: El costo total promedio por cirugía fue de R$ 8,641 y su reducción depende de la negociación de compra de los artículos de consumo que tuvieron mayor representatividad en los costos.

Medical waste: the dark side of healthcare / Resíduo hospitalar: o lado sombrio da assistência médica

Abstract Hospitals and other health facilities generate an ever-increasing amount of waste, approximately 15% of which may be infectious, toxic, or radioactive. The World Health Organization has been addressing the issue since the 1980s. After initially focusing on high-income countries, it then focused on low-income countries, with unsafe disposal methods in landfills and inadequate incinerators as major concerns. Gradually, the understanding of the issue has undergone several shifts, including from a focus on the component of medical waste considered "hazardous" to all forms of waste, and from accepting medical waste as a necessary downside of high-quality healthcare to seeing the avoidance of healthcare waste as a component of high quality healthcare.

Resumo Hospitais e outros centros de tratamento de saúde geram um volume de resíduos cada vez maior, dos quais cerca de 15% podem ser infecciosos, tóxicos ou radioativos. A Organização Mundial da Saúde começou a enfrentar o problema na década de 1980. Inicialmente, concentrou-se nos países ricos, depois mudou o foco para os países pobres, onde métodos de eliminação inseguros, como aterros sanitários e incineradores inadequados, preocupavam. Aos poucos, a compreensão do problema passou por mudanças, inclusive do enfoque no conteúdo do resíduo hospitalar considerado "perigoso", passando para todas as formas de resíduos, e da aceitação do resíduo médico como um inconveniente inerente aos cuidados de saúde de alta qualidade, até o conceito de que evitar a produção de resíduos hospitalares faz parte dos cuidados de saúde de alta qualidade.